The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Patient Engagement Playbook
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Patient Engagement Playbook

References

Introduction

1Gruessner, V. (n.d.) Three Vendors are Driving Patient Engagement and Portal Use. EHR Intelligence. Retrieved from https://ehrintelligence.com/news/three-vendors-are-driving-patient-engagement-and-portal-use

2Black Book Research (2018, April 20). Hospital Technology is the New Determiner of Patient Satisfaction, 2018 Black Book EHR User Survey Results. PR Newswire. Retrieved from https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hospital-technology-is-the-new-determiner-of-patient-satisfaction-2018-black-book-ehr-user-survey-results-300633556.html

3Patel V & Johnson C. (February 2018). Consumers' use of online medical records and devices for health needs. ONC Data Brief, no.40. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2018-03/HINTS-2017-Consumer-Data-Brief-3.21.18.pdf [PDF - 1.7 MB]

4 EHR Incentives & Certification: Meaningful use definition & objectives. (2015, February 6). Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/meaningful-use-definition-objectives

5 Emont, S. (2011, May). Measuring the impact of patient portals: what the literature tells us. Retrieved from https://www.chcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PDF-MeasuringImpactPatientPortals.pdf [PDF – 610KB]

6 Henry, S. L., Shen, E., Ahuja, A., Gould, M. K., & Kanter, M. H. (2016). The online personal action plan: A tool to transform patient-enabled preventive and chronic care. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 51(1), 71-77. https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2815%2900780-1/abstract; http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2815%2900780-1/abstract

7 Emont, S. (2011, May). Measuring the impact of patient portals: what the literature tells us. Retrieved from https://www.chcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PDF-MeasuringImpactPatientPortals.pdf [PDF – 610KB]

Chapter 1

8 Goel, M.S.; Brown, T.L.; Williams, A.; Cooper, A.J.; Baker, D.W. (2011). Patient-reported barriers to enrolling in a patient portal. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 18(1), i8-i12. doi: 10.1136. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article/18/Supplement_1/i8/798747?searchresult=1

9 Siddhanti, R. Mana Health. (Personal communication, 2016, February 11).

10 ManaPortal signup process and screenshots: Siddhanti, R. Mana Health. (Personal communication, 2016, February 19).

11 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041333/

12 Patel V & Johnson C. (February 2018). Consumers' use of online medical records and devices for health needs. ONC Data Brief, no.40. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2018-03/HINTS-2017-Consumer-Data-Brief-3.21.18.pdf [PDF - 1.7 MB]

13 About Blue Button. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/patients-families/blue-button/about-blue-button

14 Henry, J.; Barker, W.; Kachay, L. Electronic Capabilities for Patient Engagement among U.S. Non-Federal Acute Care Hospitals: 2013-2017. (No. 45, April 2019). Retrieved from: https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2019-04/AHApatientengagement.pdf [443 KB]

15 Henry, J.; Pylypchuk, Y.; Patel, V. Electronic Capabilities for Patient Engagement among U.S. Non-Federal Acute Care Hospitals: 2012–2015. (No. 38, September 2016). Retrieved from http://dashboard.healthit.gov/evaluations/data-briefs/hospitals-patient-engagement-electronic-capabilities-2015.php

16 Patel, V.; Barker, W.; Siminerio, E. Trends in Consumer Access and Use of Electronic Health Information. (No. 30, October 2015). Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/briefs/oncdatabrief30_accesstrends_.pdf [PDF - 2.1 MB]

17 Charles, D.; Gabriel, M.; Henry, J. Electronic Capabilities for Patient Engagement among U.S. Non-Federal Acute Care Hospitals: 2012–2014 (No. 29, October 2015). Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/briefs/oncdatabrief29_patientengagement.pdf [PDF - 1.9 MB]

18 Strategies for improving patient engagement through health IT. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/final_vdt_sect_508_tested.pdf [PDF – 2.6MB]

Chapter 2

19 DelVecchio, A. (2014, December 16). Expansion of online appointment scheduling could lead to cost savings. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2019-04/AHApatientengagement.pdf.

20 Henry J, Barker W, & Kachay L. (April 2019). Electronic capabilities for patient engagement among U.S. non-federal cute care hospitals: 2013-2017. ONC Data Brief, no.45. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/data/data-briefs/electronic-capabilities-patient-engagement-among-us-non-federal-acute-care

21 Patient Engagement: Digital self-scheduling set to explode. Retrieved from https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insight-patient-engagement-digital-self-scheduling-explode

22 Patel V & Johnson C. (February 2018). Consumers' use of online medical records and devices for health needs. ONC Data Brief, no.40. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2018-03/HINTS-2017-Consumer-Data-Brief-3.21.18.pdf [PDF - 1.7 MB]

23 Timely access to scheduled appointments. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 5(1), 104-111. Retrieved from https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health/care/consumer/…/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/

24 Timely access to scheduled appointments. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 5(1), 104-111. Retrieved from https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health/care/consumer/…/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/

25 Henry J, Barker W, & Kachay L. (April 2019). Electronic capabilities for patient engagement among U.S. non-federal cute care hospitals: 2013-2017. ONC Data Brief, no.45. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/data/data-briefs/electronic-capabilities-patient-engagement-among-us-non-federal-acute-care

26 Use Secure Electronic Messaging. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/achieve-meaningful-use/core-measures-2/use-secure-electronic-messaging

27 Kane, B., Sands, D.Z. (1998, January 1). Guidelines for the clinical use of electronic mail with patients. Retrieved from http://jamia.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/104

28 Kane, B., Sands, D.Z. (1998, January 1). Guidelines for the clinical use of electronic mail with patients. Retrieved from http://jamia.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/104

29 Fact Sheet: Using Secure Electronic Messaging to Support Patient and Family Engagement. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/implementation-resources/fact-sheet-using-secure-electronic-messaging

30 Meaningful Use Case Studies: Patient portal increases communication between patients and providers. (2011, Spring). Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/blackstone-valley-community-health-care-case-study

31 Kane, B., Sands, D.Z. (1998, January 1). Guidelines for the clinical use of electronic mail with patients. Retrieved from http://jamia.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/104

32 Kane, B., Sands, D.Z. (1998, January 1). Guidelines for the clinical use of electronic mail with patients. Retrieved from http://jamia.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/104

33 Fact Sheet: Using Secure Electronic Messaging to Support Patient and Family Engagement. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/implementation-resources/fact-sheet-using-secure-electronic-messaging

34 Silvestre, A.-L.; Sue, V.M.; Allen, J.Y. (2009, March/April). If you build it, will they come? The Kaiser Permanente model of online health care. Health Affairs, 28(2), 334-344. doi 10.1377/hithaff.28.2.334. Retrieved from http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/28/2/334.full

35 Emont, S. (2011, May). Measuring the impact of patient portals: what the literature tells us. Retrieved from https://www.chcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/PDF-MeasuringImpactPatientPortals.pdf [PDF – 610KB]

36 Meaningful Use Case Studies: Patient portal benefits patient care and provider workflow. (2011, Winter). Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/case-study/patient-portal-benefits-patient-care-and-provider-workflow

37 Kessels, R.P.C. (2003, May). Patients’ memory for medical information. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96(5), 219-222. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC539473/

38 OpenNotes: Inviting patients to read their doctors’ visit notes. Retrieved from https://www.opennotes.org/research/inviting-patients-to-read-their-doctors-notes-patients-and-doctors-look-ahead-patient-and-physician-surveys/

39 OpenNotes: Inviting patients to read their doctors’ visit notes. Retrieved from https://www.opennotes.org/research/inviting-patients-to-read-their-doctors-notes-patients-and-doctors-look-ahead-patient-and-physician-surveys/

40 Siminerio, E.; Daniel, J.G. (2014, June 24). Patients play a vital role in improving the quality of information in their medical records. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/buzz-blog/consumer/blue-button-helps-patients-improve-care-quality/

41 Delbanco, T.; Walker, J.; Bell, S.K.; Darer, J.D.; Elmore, J.G.; Farag, N.; Feldman, H.J.; Mejilla, R.; Ngo, L.; Ralston, J.D.; Ross, S.E.; Trivedi, N.; Vodicka, E.; Leveille, S.G. (2012, October 2). Annals of Internal Medicine, 157(7), 461-470. Retrieved from http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1363511

42 What is OpenNotes? Retrieved from http://www.opennotes.org/about-opennotes/

43 Unitan, R. and Seidel, M. Sharing Visit Notes Online: Kaiser Permanente Northwest’s Big Bang Implementation of OpenNotes. (PowerPoint presentation, 2015, September 2). Retrieved from Kaiser Permanente Northwest.

44 Unitan, R. and Seidel, M. Sharing Visit Notes Online: Kaiser Permanente Northwest’s Big Bang Implementation of OpenNotes. (PowerPoint presentation, 2015, September 2). Retrieved from Kaiser Permanente Northwest.

45 Alpert J.M., Krist A.H., Aycock R.A., Kreps G.L. (2016, May 17). Applying Multiple Methods to Comprehensively Evaluate a Patient Portal’s Effectiveness to Convey Information to Patients. Retrieved from http://www.jmir.org

Chapter 3

46 Patel, V,. & Johnson C. (February 2018). Consumers' use of online medical records and devices for health needs. ONC Data Brief, no. 40. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2018-03/HINTS-2017-Consumer-Data-Brief-3.21.18.pdf [PDF - 1.7 MB]

47 Richwine, C. (July 2025). Individuals’ access and use of patient portals and smartphone health apps, 2024. ASTP Data Brief, no. 77. Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy: Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/2025-06/2024-HINTS-Patient-Access-DB77_508.pdf [PDF - 335 KB]

48 Richwine, C. (July 2025). Individuals’ access and use of patient portals and smartphone health apps, 2024. ASTP Data Brief, no. 77. Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy: Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/2025-06/2024-HINTS-Patient-Access-DB77_508.pdf [PDF - 335 KB]

49 Richwine, C. (July 2025). Individuals’ access and use of patient portals and smartphone health apps, 2024. ASTP Data Brief, no. 77. Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy: Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/2025-06/2024-HINTS-Patient-Access-DB77_508.pdf [PDF - 335 KB]

50 National Cancer Institute. (2024). Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) [Data set]. Retrieved from https://hints.cancer.gov/

51 Wolff, J. L., Darer, J. D., & Larsen, K. L. (2016). Family caregivers and consumer health information technology. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 31(1), 117-121. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3494-0

52 Richwine, C. (July 2025). Individuals’ access and use of patient portals and smartphone health apps, 2024. ASTP Data Brief, no. 77. Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy: Washington, DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/2025-06/2024-HINTS-Patient-Access-DB77_508.pdf [PDF - 335 KB]

53 Bourgeois, F. C., Taylor, P. L., Emans, J., Nigrin, D. J., & Mandl, K. D. (2008, December). Whose personal control? Creating private, personally controlled health records for pediatric and adolescent patients. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 15(6), 737–743. doi: 10:1197/jamia.M2865. Retrieved from http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/public_temp_7CA39230-1C23-BA17-0CBCDEB8D0B8876C/wg/pedsdata/Fabienne%20JAMIA%20paper%20(2).pdf [PDF – 78KB]

54 Sharko, M., Jameson, R., Ancker, J. S., Krams, L., Webber, E. C., & Rosenbloom, S. T. (2022). State-by-state variability in adolescent privacy laws. Pediatrics, 149(6), e2021053458. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053458

55 UCSF Health. (2023, November 14). MyChart terms and conditions. Retrieved from https://ucsfmychart.ucsfmedicalcenter.org/UCSFMyChart/Authentication/Login?mode=stdfile&option=termsandconditions

56 U.S. Census Bureau. (2023). American Community Survey 5-year estimates data profiles [Data set]. Retrieved from https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDP5Y2023.DP02

57 The Colorado Health Foundation. (n.d.). Portal support for non-English-speaking patients. Retrieved from https://coloradohealth.org/portal-support-non-english-speaking-patients

Chapter 4

58 Henry J, Barker W, & Kachay L. (April 2019). Electronic capabilities for patient engagement among U.S. non-federal cute care hospitals: 2013-2017. ONC Data Brief, no.45. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/data/data-briefs/electronic-capabilities-patient-engagement-among-us-non-federal-acute-care

59Patel V & Johnson C. (February 2018). Consumers' use of online medical records and devices for health needs. ONC Data Brief, no.40. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2018-03/HINTS-2017-Consumer-Data-Brief-3.21.18.pdf [PDF - 1.7 MB]

60 HIM Body of Knowledge™. Retrieved from http://bok.ahima.org/

61 45 Code of Federal Regulations 164.502(g). Cornell University Legal Information Institute. Uses and disclosures of protected health information: general rules. Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/45/164.502

62 Wolff J.L., Darer J.D., Larsen K.L. Family Caregivers and Consumer Health Information Technology. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Jan;31(1):117-21. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3494-0

63 45 Code of Federal Regulations 164.510(b). Cornell University Legal Information Institute. Uses and disclosures requiring an opportunity for the individual to agree or to object. Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/45/164.510

64 45 Code of Federal Regulations 164.510(b). Cornell University Legal Information Institute. Uses and disclosures requiring an opportunity for the individual to agree or to object. Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/45/164.510

65 Wolff J.L., Kim V.S., Mintz S., Stametz R., Griffin J.M. An environmental scan of shared access to patient portals. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017 Aug 25. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocx088

66 Wolff J.L., Darer J.D., Larsen K.L. Family Caregivers and Consumer Health Information Technology. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Jan;31(1):117-21. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3494-0

67 Wolff J.L., Kim V.S., Mintz S., Stametz R., Griffin J.M. An environmental scan of shared access to patient portals. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017 Aug 25. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocx088

68 Retrieved from http://www.ajmc.com/journals/issue/2016/2016-vol22-n6/development-of-a-tethered-personal-health-record-framework-for-early-end-of-life-discussions

69 Retrieved from https://patientengagementhit.com/news/how-patient-portals-can-improve-advance-care-planning-talks

Chapter 5

70 Patel V & Johnson C. (February 2018). Consumers' use of online medical records and devices for health needs. ONC Data Brief, no.40. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2018-03/HINTS-2017-Consumer-Data-Brief-3.21.18.pdf [PDF - 1.7 MB]

71 Patel V & Johnson C. (February 2018). Consumers' use of online medical records and devices for health needs. ONC Data Brief, no.40. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology: Washington DC. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/page/2018-03/HINTS-2017-Consumer-Data-Brief-3.21.18.pdf [PDF - 1.7 MB]

72 Patient-Generated Health Data. (2015, September 30). Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/topic/scientific-initiatives/pcor/patient-generated-health-data-pghd

73 National Learning Consortium. (2014, March). Patient-Generated Health Data Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/patient_generated_data_factsheet.pdf [PDF – 1.6MB]

74 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2016, April). Readmissions Reduction Program. Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/medicare/medicare-fee-for-service-payment/acuteinpatientpps/readmissions-reduction-program.html

75 The Digital Consumer: How Patient Generated Health Data and Health IT Can Help Improve Care. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/buzz-blog/consumer/digital-consumer-patient-generated-health-data-improve-care/

76 National Learning Consortium. (2014, March). Patient-Generated Health Data Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/patient_generated_data_factsheet.pdf [PDF – 1.6MB]

77 Lavallee, D.; Chenok, K.; Love, R.; Petersen, C.; Holve, E.; Segal, C.; and Franklin, P. (2016). Incorporating Patient-Reported Outcomes Into Health Care to Engage Patients and Enhance Care. Health Affairs, 35(4), doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1362. Retrieved from http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/35/4/575.full?ijkey=6C1y7.jaIT7qU&keytype=ref&siteid=healthaff#aff-1

78 National Learning Consortium. (2014, March). Patient-Generated Health Data Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/patient_generated_data_factsheet.pdf [PDF – 1.6MB]

79 McCann, E. (2014, October 9). Ochsner first to link Epic to Apple’s HealthKit. Healthcare IT News. Retrieved from https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/ochsner-first-link-epic-apples-healthkit

80 Develop health and fitness apps that work together. Retrieved from https://developer.apple.com/healthkit/

81 McCann, E. (2014, October 9). Ochsner first to link Epic to Apple’s HealthKit. Healthcare IT News. Retrieved from https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/ochsner-first-link-epic-apples-healthkit

82 Pennic, F. (2015, April 27). Oschner Health pilots Apple Watch to manage chronic diseases. HIT Consultant. Retrieved from https://hitconsultant.net/2015/04/27/oscher-health-pilots-apple-watch-to-manage-chronic-diseases/

83 Broderick, A. (2013, January). Case Studies in Telehealth Adoption. Partners HealthCare: connecting heart failure patients to providers through remote monitoring. Commonwealth Fund Publication 1656, 3. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/case-study/2013/jan/1656_broderick_telehealth_adoption_partners_case_study.pdf [PDF – 610KB]

84 Partners HealthCare. (2015, May 13). Partners connected health remote monitoring program for heart failure patients significantly lowers hospital admissions and mortality rates; less intensive remote monitoring follow-up may improve long-term outcomes. Health IT Outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.healthitoutcomes.com/doc/partners-health-heart-failure-patients-significantly-mortality-rates-improve-long-0001

85 Agboola, S.; Jethwani, K.; Khateeb, K.; Moore, S.; Kvedar, J. (2015). Heart failure remote monitoring: Evidence from the retrospective evaluation of a real-world remote monitoring program. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(4), e101. doi:10.2196/jmir.4417. Retrieved from http://www.jmir.org/2015/4/e101

86 Broderick, A. (2013, January). Case Studies in Telehealth Adoption. Partners HealthCare: connecting heart failure patients to providers through remote monitoring. Commonwealth Fund Publication 1656, 3. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/case-study/2013/jan/1656_broderick_telehealth_adoption_partners_case_study.pdf [PDF – 610KB]

87 Agboola, S.; Jethwani, K.; Khateeb, K.; Moore, S.; Kvedar, J. (2015). Heart failure remote monitoring: Evidence from the retrospective evaluation of a real-world remote monitoring program. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(4), e101. doi:10.2196/jmir.4417. Retrieved from http://www.jmir.org/2015/4/e101

88 Partners HealthCare. (2015, May 13). Partners connected health remote monitoring program for heart failure patients significantly lowers hospital admissions and mortality rates; less intensive remote monitoring follow-up may improve long-term outcomes. Health IT Outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.healthitoutcomes.com/doc/partners-health-heart-failure-patients-significantly-mortality-rates-improve-long-0001

89 Broderick, A. (2013, January). Case Studies in Telehealth Adoption. Partners HealthCare: connecting heart failure patients to providers through remote monitoring. Commonwealth Fund Publication 1656, 3. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/case-study/2013/jan/1656_broderick_telehealth_adoption_partners_case_study.pdf [PDF – 610KB]

90 Broderick, A. (2013, January). Case Studies in Telehealth Adoption. Partners HealthCare: connecting heart failure patients to providers through remote monitoring. Commonwealth Fund Publication 1656, 3. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/case-study/2013/jan/1656_broderick_telehealth_adoption_partners_case_study.pdf [PDF – 610KB]

91 Broderick, A. (2013, January). Case Studies in Telehealth Adoption. Partners HealthCare: connecting heart failure patients to providers through remote monitoring. Commonwealth Fund Publication 1656, 3. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/case-study/2013/jan/1656_broderick_telehealth_adoption_partners_case_study.pdf [PDF – 610KB]

92 Orlando, L.A.; Hauser, E.R.; Christianson, C.; Powell, K.P.; Buchanan, A.H.; Chesnut, B.; Agbaje, A.B.; Henrich, V.C.; Ginsburg, G. (2011, October 11). Protocol for implementation of family health history collection and decision support into primary care using a computerized family health history system. BMC Health Services Research 11, 264. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-264. Retrieved from http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-11-264

93 Orlando, L.A.; Hauser, E.R.; Christianson, C.; Powell, K.P.; Buchanan, A.H.; Chesnut, B.; Agbaje, A.B.; Henrich, V.C.; Ginsburg, G. (2011, October 11). Protocol for implementation of family health history collection and decision support into primary care using a computerized family health history system. BMC Health Services Research 11, 264. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-264. Retrieved from http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-11-264

94 Orlando, L.A.; Hauser, E.R.; Christianson, C.; Powell, K.P.; Buchanan, A.H.; Chesnut, B.; Agbaje, A.B.; Henrich, V.C.; Ginsburg, G. (2011, October 11). Protocol for implementation of family health history collection and decision support into primary care using a computerized family health history system. BMC Health Services Research 11, 264. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-264. Retrieved from http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-11-264

95 Wu, R.R.; Himmel, T.L.; Buchanan, A.H.; Powell, K.P.; Hauser, E.R.; Ginsburg, G.S.; Henrich, V.C.; Orlando, L.A. (2014, February 13). Quality of family history collection with use of a patient facing family history assessment tool. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-31. Retrieved from https://bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2296-15-31

96 Orlando, L.A.; Hauser, E.R.; Christianson, C.; Powell, K.P.; Buchanan, A.H.; Chesnut, B.; Agbaje, A.B.; Henrich, V.C.; Ginsburg, G. (2011, October 11). Protocol for implementation of family health history collection and decision support into primary care using a computerized family health history system. BMC Health Services Research 11, 264. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-264. Retrieved from http://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-11-264

97 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources overview. Retrieved from https://www.hl7.org/fhir/overview.html

98 Time to focus on your family tree. (2015, December 15). Call-out box: Retrieved from https://today.duke.edu/2015/12/metree

Chapter 6

99 Pew Research Center (February 2018). Mobile Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/mobile/

100 Comstock, Jonah (2013, October 24). Digitas Health: Patients whose doctors use apps use more apps themselves. MobiHealthNews. Retrieved from https://www.mobihealthnews.com/26642/digitas-patients-whose-doctors-use-apps-use-more-apps-themselves

101 Byambasuren, O., Sanders, S., Beller, E., & Glasziou, P., (2018, May 9). Prescribable mHealth apps identified from an overview of systematic reviews. npj Digital Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-018-0021-9

102 Boudreaux, E. D., Waring, M. E., Hayes, R. B., Sadasivan, R. S., Mullen, S., & Pagoto, S. (2014, September 24). Evaluating and selecting mobile health apps: strategies for healthcare providers and healthcare organizations. Translational Behavioral Medicine. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4286553/

103 Bell, S.K., Mejilla, R., Anselmo, M., et al. When doctors share visit notes with patients: a study of patient and doctor perceptions of documentation errors, safety opportunities and the patient–doctor relationship. BMJ Qual Saf 2017;26:262-270. Retrieved from: https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/26/4/262.abstract

104 Asan, O., Tyszka, J., Crotty, B. (2018, 1 July). The electronic health record as a patient engagement tool: mirroring clinicians’ screen to create a shared mental model. JAMIA Open, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 42–48. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooy006

105 Asan, O., Tyszka, J., Crotty, B. (2018, 1 July). The electronic health record as a patient engagement tool: mirroring clinicians’ screen to create a shared mental model. JAMIA Open, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 42–48. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooy006

106 The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (2017, September 28). Telemedicine and telehealth. Retrieved from: https://www.healthit.gov/topic/health-it-initiatives/telemedicine-and-telehealth

107 Abrams, K., Burrill, S., & Elsner, N. (2018, July 18). What can health systems do to encourage physicans to embrace virtual care? Deloitte Insights. Retrieved from: https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/industry/health-care/virtual-health-care-health-consumer-and-physician-surveys.html

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